Banner B. Schafer.
PRIMAL LEADERSHIP
Six leadership styles and when to use them
VISIONARY
How it builds resonance
Moves people towards shared dreams
Impact on climate
Most strongly positive
When appropriate
When change requires a new vision, or when a clear direction is needed
COACHING
How it builds resonance
Connects what a person wants with organization’s goals
Impact on climate
Highly positive
When appropriate
To help an employee improve performance by building long-term capabilities
AFFILIATIVE
How it builds resonance
Creates harmony by connecting people to each other
Impact on climate
Positive
When appropriate
To heal rifts in a team, motivate during stressful times, or strengthen connections
DEMOCRATIC
How it builds resonance
Values people’s input and gets commitment through participation
Impact on climate
Positive
When appropriate
To build buy-in or consensus, or to get valuable input from employees
PACESETTING
How it builds resonance
Meets challenging and exciting goals
Impact on climate
Often highly negative
When appropriate
To get high-quality results from a motivated and competent team
COMMANDING
How it builds resonance
Soothes fears by giving clear direction in an emergency
Impact on climate
Often highly negative
When appropriate
In a crisis, to kick-start a turnaround, or with problem employees
💡 Key Insight
The most effective leaders don’t rely on just one style—they flexibly switch between styles based on the situation and team needs.